Chemical composition and anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf and whole-plant samples of diploid and tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

► Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino (GP) is a botanical widely used in tea and food. ► Chemical composition and biological effects of GP from different genotypes were investigated. ► Diploid leaf samples had highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids; tetraploid had highest amount of saponins. ► Diploid leaf extracts had strongest inhibition on inflammation and HT-29 proliferation. ► These GP extracts had different order of antiproliferative properties in the LNCaP cells.