One-step microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction for the rapid determination of synthetic polycyclic musks in oyster by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

► A solvent-free microwave-assisted-HS-SPME was able to extract musks from oysters within 5 min. ► The effects of the MA-HS-SPME extraction parameters on the analyte extraction were optimised. ► MA-HS-SPME method was sensitive with the limit of quantification below 0.1 ng/g in 5-g oysters. ► MA-HS-SPME is a good alternative extraction method to extract organics in food samples. ► MA-HS-SPME is a simple, effective, low matrix effect and eco-friendly extract method.