Analysis of multi-phase transport phenomena with catalyst reactions in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells - A review

► A review of two-phase modeling approaches is presented for past 10 years. ► Important factors still usually ignored in current modeling approaches are highlighted. ► Discrepancies in present modeling are also highlighted. ► Introduction to meso-scale modeling is presented and some of the work at this level is also reviewed showing that this approach will be very helpful in future.