Variation of roughness and adhesion strength of deposited apatite layers on titanium dental implants

►The elevated T-maze is an animal model of anxiety. ►Protein-calorie malnutrition imposed early in life reduced anxiety-like behavior. ►Young malnourished rats were less afraid than weanling malnourished rats. ►Protein-caloric malnutrition caused learning impairment in the elevated T-maze. ►Weanling malnourished female rats learned to avoid aversive situations in the T-maze.