Annealing effects on the chemical deposited CdS films and the electrical properties of CdS/CdTe solar cells

▶ Two different methods (oxidation and reduction) were used to anneal CdS films for CdTe solar cells. ▶ Electrical properties were analyzed by XPS (Fermi levels of CdS films). ▶ Annealing treatment in oxidation atmosphere could shift Fermi level of CdS film to higher position and consequently improve the CdS/CdTe junction and performance of solar cells.