Effect of Bi and Ti substitutions for Na and Nb on ferroelectric properties of oriented (Bi4.5+xNa0.5−x)(Ti2xNb2−2x)WO15 compounds

▶ (Bi4.5+xNa0.5−x)(Ti2xNb2−2x)WO15 formed solid solution over whole composition range. ▶ Pr of BNTNW decreased from 8.5 to 5.1 μC/cm2 with increasing composition x. ▶ By using hot forging, Pr of BNTNW at x = 0 was extremely improved (Pr = 18 μC/cm2).