A cost-effective WDM-PON architecture simultaneously supporting wired, wireless and optical VPN services

▶ A WDM-PON architecture supports wired, wireless and optical VPN services. ▶ The system is cost-effective. ▶ The orthogonal modulation technique is used. ▶ A single MZM is used to provide the VPN and upstream communications. ▶ Source-free ONU is realized.