Influence of preheating on crystallization and growing behavior of Ce and Mn doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 film by sol-gel method

► Preheating causes markedly enhanced crystallization, layered growth and tunability. ► CeMn codoping markedly decreases loss owing to replace of Ce3 + and Mn4 + for Ti4 +. ► Preheating with CeMn codoping markedly increases the ratio of tunability/loss. ► Preheated CeMn-BST film reveals 56% tunability, 0.0037-0.0091 loss and 147 FOM.