Effect of interfacial oxidation occurring during the duplex process combining surface nanocrystallisation and co-rolling

► We analyse the effect of heat treatment on interfaces of co-rolled SMATed plates. ► During the high-temperature co-rolling stage, interface oxidation occurs. ►Co-rolling at 550 °C leads to discontinuous oxide clusters with varying thicknesses. ► At 650 °C a continuous oxide layer with uniform thickness is formed. ► At 550 °C, this duplex process leads to a laminate with high mechanical strength.