Acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be defined as an abrupt decrease in urine output and/or an increase in serum creatinine. It frequently occurs as a result of systemic illness or may represent intrinsic kidney disease. This article discusses the principles behind the evaluation and initial management of patients with AKI. The aims of the article are to promote awareness of the importance of early recognition of AKI, to discuss fluid management, and to revise common causes of AKI in hospitals.