SOD2-mediated adaptive responses induced by low-dose ionizing radiation via TNF signaling and amifostine

► TNF receptor activity is associated with the low dose radiation adaptive response. ► Alterations in TNF signaling can account for variability in the adaptive response. ► The thiol-induced NFκB-mediated adaptive response is independent of TNF signaling. ► The radiation-induced NFκB-mediated adaptive response requires active TNF signaling. ► Elevated SOD2 mediates the low dose radiation- and thiol-induced adaptive responses.