Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a serious and growing problem in Taiwan where it is the fifth leading cause of death, and health care costs are 4.3 times higher than for people without diabetes.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether participation in a motivational interview for people with type 2 diabetes would improve their self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes.DesignA randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of the motivational interviewing intervention.SettingsParticipants were drawn from the diabetes outpatient clinic of a large teaching hospital in South Taiwan.ParticipantsA sample of 250 type 2 diabetes people.MethodsType 2 diabetes people were randomly allocated into either the motivational interview group or the usual care group from baseline to 3 months follow-up. The intervention was based on motivational interviewing which encompassed a variety of interviewing techniques, and reflected each person's readiness stage to change. The control group was provided with usual care by nursing staff.ResultsA total of 250 type 2 diabetic participants were randomized. The retention rate in the intervention group was 83% (n = 104). The motivational interview did improve participants significantly in self-management, self-efficacy, quality of life, and HbA1c among diabetes people with appropriate baseline value (<121.24, <174.57, <107.18, and >7.62, respectively) but not in depression, anxiety and stress (F = 0.13, p = 0.72) compared to the control group at 3 months follow-up.ConclusionThe findings provided important evidence concerning the positive effect of motivational interventions in self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes. This research provided evidence for future clinical practices in diabetes care.