Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as indicators of tubular damage in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes

uKIM-1 and uNGAL were increased in type 2 DM patients with normal or mildly increased albuminuria, which indicates that tubular and glomerular injuries may be occurring even at the earliest stage of DKD.