Purification and characterization of a novel angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide derived from enzymatic hydrolysate of grass carp protein

► The first report of food-derived Val-Ala-Pro (VAP) tripeptide. ► Excellent ACE-inhibitory activity of VAP (IC50 value of 0.00534 mg/mL). ► VAP is a competitive ACE inhibitor. ► VAP is stable against ACE and digestive enzymes. ► Purification of VAP from hydrolysate of grass carp protein was achieved.