Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada

► We compare the structure and function of soil microbial communities in 7 forest types. ► Communities (PLFA and enzymes) differed along a regional climate gradient. ► Greatest discrimination was between relatively warm dry sites and cool wet sites. ► Soil moisture and organic matter were most closely related to microbial communities. ► Microbial communities were most influenced by annual precipitation, then tree species.