Diverse regulation of AKT and GSK-3β by O-GlcNAcylation in various types of cells

► AKT and GSK-3β are modified by O-GlcNAcylation. ► GlcNAcylation regulates AKT and GSK-3β differently in kidney HEK-293FT cells. ► GlcNAcylation does not affect AKT and GSK-3β in hepatic HepG2 cells. ► GlcNAcylation regulates phosphorylation of AKT negatively in neuronal cells. ► Regulation of AKT and GSK-3β by O-GlcNAc is protein- and cell type-specific.