Anoxic stress and rapid cold hardening enhance cold tolerance of the migratory locust

- Anoxia and RCH exerted similar effects on the promotion of locust cold hardiness.
- Hsp responses varied in locusts subjected to anoxic stress and RCH.
- Hsp responses varied under cold stress in locusts pretreated with anoxia or RCH.
- Hsps are downregulated in the anoxic hypercapnia- and/or RCH-treated locusts.