Caveolae create local signalling domains through their distinct protein content, lipid profile and morphology

► Caveolae are protein compartments that control the production of cAMP and NO. ► Some signalling pathways exploit the lipid (PIP2) environment of caveolae. ► Caveolae can buffer increases in membrane tension during stretch. ► Caveolae are key components of GPCR and mechanotransductive signalling in the heart.