17β-Estradiol activates GPER- and ESR1-dependent pathways inducing apoptosis in GC-2 cells, a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line

► We use GC-2 cells, a mouse spermatocytes cell line, to study E2-dependent apoptotic mechanisms. ► We analyzed expression of estrogen receptors and E2-dependent pathways. ► Defined apoptotic mechanisms. ► This new information indicates new targets for male contraception.