Bisphenol-A acts as a potent estrogen via non-classical estrogen triggered pathways

► Animal and cellular studies demonstrate low dose effects of BPA. ► BPA has been traditionally considered a weak estrogen. ► ERα−/− and ERβ−/− mouse model indicate ERs involvement in low dose-initiated BPA actions. ► BPA is equally potent to E2 via ERs when actions are triggered out of the nucleus.