Intergroup conflict: ecological predictors of winning and consequences of defeat in a wild primate population

► We evaluated demographic and spatial determinants of dominance and consequences of defeat in groups of wild baboons. ► Both demographic composition of social groups and their prior space use predicted winners of encounters. ► Long-term space use best predicted group dominance in comparison to space use during shorter time frames. ► Spatial consequences of defeat primarily consisted of short-term site avoidance by subordinate groups. ► These findings suggest the potential for long-term sharing of landscape resources despite short-term avoidances.