Molecular cloning and multifunctional characterization of GRIM-19 (gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19) homologue from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

GRIM-19 (gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19), a novel cell death regulatory gene, plays important roles in cell apoptosis, embryogenesis, mitochondrial respiratory chain and immune response. To date, little information is known about fish GRIM-19 characteristics except orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Here a new GRIM-19 gene is identified and characterized from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), an economic marine fish in China and Europe. Briefly, turbot GRIM-19 is a 595-bp gene encoding a 144 amino acids protein, which shares the closest relationship with Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). The expression of turbot grim-19 in liver, spleen and kidney is up-regulated by the infection of Vibrio anguillarum and LCDV (lymphocystis disease virus). Subsequently, a recombinant protein of turbot GRIM-19 is acquired and the anti-bacterial function is proved by liquid culture inhibition experiment. The subcellular location indicates that turbot GRIM-19 is co-localized with STAT3 in the cytoplasm, which is mainly determined by GRIM-19 41-84 amino acids and STAT3 1-321 amino acids. Finally, the involvements of turbot GRIM-19 in cell apoptosis and NF-κB pathway are investigated. All these data help to understand GRIM-19 function in fish, as well as provide the application possibility of GRIM-19 in fish disease resistance breeding.