Yeast-surface expressed BVDV E2 protein induces a Th1/Th2 response in naïve T cells

► We have successfully expressed a viral protein on the surface of Saccharomyces yeast. ► This delivery system stimulates naïve T cells even when using macrophages by inducing a strong stimulation of the innate immune system. ► The proliferating T cells produce a mixed cytokine profile, potentially supporting the development of cellular and humeral immune responses. ► Differences in the immune/proliferative response can be seen using either live or dead yeast particles.