Gender and white-collar crime in Norway: An empirical study of media reports

• Newspapers reported on 329 white-collar criminals convicted in Norway from 2009–2012.
• Only 6.7% of the offenders were women, a rate similar to that observed in the U.S..
• Access to white-collar criminal networks in Norway is segregated by gender..
• The emancipation hypothesis is not supported.

PurposeRecent work on gender and white-collar crime is extended through a case study examining gender differences in white-collar crime in Norway.MethodsBased on a content analysis of reports in Norwegian newspapers and court documents regarding white-collar crime cases that were of enough importance and notoriety so as to garner attention from national media outlets, this study investigates whether high level white-collar crime in Norway is gender neutral or gender specific (i.e., mostly male) as it is in the United States.ResultsEven though gender inequality is much lower in Norway than the United States, the gender gap in Norwegian white-collar crime appears to be nearly identical to that observed in the United States. Out of 329 individuals identified in the newspaper reports only 22 (6.7%) were women.ConclusionsFormal gender equality does not appear to lead to increased involvement of women in white-collar crime, thus providing little support for the emancipation hypothesis and suggesting that theories focused on gendered focal concerns and gendered access to criminal opportunities have greater utility as explanations of the gender gap in white-collar crime.