Ecology of ancient Tank Cascade Systems in island Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has vast dry low-lying plains irrigated using traditional micro-(or meso-) watershed management system referred to as the Tank Cascade System (TCS). We discuss the implications of this irrigation system which include the development of lowland paddy (Oryza sativa L.) farming. In addition, the TCS has retarded negative consequences from chronic and recurrent droughts, seasonal flooding, land degradation and enhanced the food security while helping to attain self sufficiency in rice. The indirect benefits from TCS include numerous environmental services from these naturalized habitats.