Surface modification of poly(hydroxybutyrate) films to control cell–matrix adhesion

Tailoring surface properties of degradable polymer scaffolds is key to progress in various tissue engineering strategies. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) thin films were modified by low pressure ammonia plasma, low pressure water vapour plasma, or immersion in a sodium hydroxide solution to elaborate means to control the cell–matrix adhesion of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells grown on these materials. Fibronectin (FN) heteroexchange and cell adhesion were correlated to the physicochemical characteristics of the modified polymer surfaces which were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning force microscopy (SFM), electrokinetic measurements, and contact angle measurements. All treatments increased the hydrophilicity of the polymer samples, which could be accounted to newly created amine or carboxyl functionalities for ammonia plasma or water vapour plasma treatments, respectively, and ester hydrolysis for treatments with alkaline aqueous solutions. Main features of cell adhesion and FN reorganisation—evaluated after 1 h and after 5 days—could be attributed to the anchorage strength of pre-coated FN layers at the polymer surface, which was, in turn found to be triggered by the type of modification applied. In line with earlier studies referring to different materials cell adhesion and matrix reorganisation were shown to be sensitively controlled through the physicochemical profile of poly(hydroxybutyrate) surfaces.