MSX2 and BCL2 expressions in the development of anorectal malformations in ethylenethiourea-induced rat embryos

These results indicate that upregulation of MSX2 and downregulation of BCL2 during cloacal development into the rectum and urethra might be related to the ARM development, and MSX2 promoted apoptosis through reduction of BCL2 expression during the development of anorectal development in ARM.