Syntheses and spin-spin exchange interactions of calix[4]arene biradicals

Three novel paramagnetic calix[4]arenes (2, 3 and 4) with two opposite nitroxide radicals on the upper rims were synthesized and characterized. The through-space spin-spin exchange interactions of these calixarene biradicals were investigated, and found to be affected by many factors, such as molecular conformational flexibility, steric hindrance, temperature, solvent effect and complexation of silver ion.