Removal of Basic Fuchsin dye from water using mussel shell biomass waste as an adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics

The current study focused on the equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics of Basic Fuchsin dye adsorption from aqueous solution using mussel shells as an adsorbent. Optimum adsorption conditions were identified by varying the solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and contact time. Equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, and a pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics. Thermodynamic data showed that Basic Fuchsin dye adsorption onto mussel shells was a feasible, spontaneous and endothermic process. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square (χ2) and mean square error (MSE) test methods to evaluate the best fit of the model to the experimental data. The adsorption of Basic Fuchsin by calcined mussel shells indicates their potential application as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.