Maltose biosensing based on co-immobilization of α-glucosidase and pyranose oxidase

A new bi-enzymatic system was designed by co-immobilization of α-glucosidase (AG) and pyranose oxidase (PyOx) for maltose analysis. The immobilization was carried out by cross-linking enzyme mixture, chitosan (CHIT) and carbon nanotube (CNT) via glutaraldehyde. The structure of biosensor including enzyme, CHIT, glutaraldehyde and CNT amount together with operational conditions like pH, temperature and applied potential were optimized. Then analytical characterization was performed. A fast linear response of the biosensor was observed for maltose in the concentration range from 0.25 to 2.0 mM at 35 °C and pH 6.0. The effect of CNT addition into the immobilization matrix was also investigated. The linear relationships between sensor response (y; μA/cm2) and substrate concentration (x; mM) were defined by the equations of y = 0.844x + 0.029 (R2 = 0.999) and y = 0.882x + 0.0625 (R2 = 0.996) for AG/PyOx/CHIT and AG/PyOx/CHIT–CNT biosensors, respectively. All other data were also given as comparison of two systems one with CNT-modified and CNT-free. Finally, for the sample application, maltose was analyzed in beer samples. As a result, it has been found that; complex matrix of natural beer samples had no influence on the biosensing response. Also the results were in good agreement with those obtained by spectrophotometric measurements.