Liquid-phase adsorption and desorption of phenol onto activated carbons with ultrasound

The effect of 48-kHz ultrasound on the adsorption and desorption of phenol from aqueous solutions onto coconut shell-based granular activated carbons was studied at 25 °C. Experiments were performed at different carbon particle sizes (1.15, 2.5, 4.0 mm), initial phenol concentrations (1.06–10.6 mol/m3), and ultrasonic powers (46–133 W). Regardless of the absence and presence of ultrasound, the adsorption isotherms were well obeyed by the Langmuir equation. When ultrasound was applied in the whole adsorption process, the adsorption capacity decreased but the Langmuir constant increased with increasing ultrasonic power. According to the analysis of kinetic data by the Elovich equation, it was shown that the initial rate of adsorption was enhanced after sonication and the number of sites available for adsorption was reduced. The effect of ultrasonic intensity on the initial rate and final amount of desorption of phenol from the loaded carbons using 0.1 mol/dm3 of NaOH were also evaluated and compared.