Ultralong porous ZnO nanobelt arrays grown directly on fluorine-doped SnO2 substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells

► Arrays of novel ultralong nanoporous ZnO nanobelts (NBs) have been successfully obtained. ► This is the first report on the DSSCs that employ ultralong porous ZnO NB arrays as the photoanode. ► A high conversion efficiency (η) of 3.28% for a 27 μm thick film was obtained at 0.9 suns.