One-dimensional and non-isothermal model for a passive DMFC

Passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are promising energy sources for portable electronic devices. Different from DMFCs with active fuel feeding systems, passive DMFCs with nearly stagnant fuel and air tend to bear comparatively less power densities. A steady state, one-dimensional, multi-component and thermal model is described and applied to simulate the operation of a passive direct methanol fuel cell. The model takes into consideration the thermal and mass transfer effects, along with the electrochemical reactions occurring in the passive DMFC. The model can be used to predict the methanol, oxygen and water concentration profiles in the anode, cathode and membrane as well as to estimate the methanol and water crossover and the temperature profile across the cell. Polarization curves are numerically simulated and successfully compared with experiments for different methanol feed concentrations. The model predicts with accuracy the influence of the methanol feed concentration on the cell performance and the correct trends of the current density and methanol feed concentration, on methanol and water crossover. The model is rapidly implemented and is therefore suitable for inclusion in real-time system level DMFC calculations. Due to its simplicity the model can be used to help seek for possibilities of optimizing the cell performance of a passive DMFC by studying impacts from variations of the design parameters such as membrane thickness, catalyst loading, diffusion layers type and thicknesses.