Relevance of PEG in PLA-based blends for tissue engineering 3D-printed scaffolds

• 3D-printed PLA-based scaffolds with various PEG concentrations have been developed.
• Structural, surface, mechanical and in vitro degradation studies have been done.
• PEG led to non-uniform geometries and decreased the mechanical prop. of the scaffolds.
• PEG increased surf. roughness, wettability and degradation time of the PLA/PEG blends.
• 5% w/w of PEG allows fabricating high-resolution PLA 3D scaffolds at low temperature.

Achieving high quality 3D-printed structures requires establishing the right printing conditions. Finding processing conditions that satisfy both the fabrication process and the final required scaffold properties is crucial. This work stresses the importance of studying the outcome of the plasticizing effect of PEG on PLA-based blends used for the fabrication of 3D-direct-printed scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. For this, PLA/PEG blends with 5, 10 and 20% (w/w) of PEG and PLA/PEG/bioactive CaP glass composites were processed in the form of 3D rapid prototyping scaffolds. Surface analysis and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a rearrangement of polymer chains and a topography, wettability and elastic modulus increase of the studied surfaces as PEG was incorporated. Moreover, addition of 10 and 20% PEG led to non-uniform 3D structures with lower mechanical properties. In vitro degradation studies showed that the inclusion of PEG significantly accelerated the degradation rate of the material. Results indicated that the presence of PEG not only improves PLA processing but also leads to relevant surface, geometrical and structural changes including modulation of the degradation rate of PLA-based 3D printed scaffolds.