Setting behavior, mechanical property and biocompatibility of anti-washout wollastonite/calcium phosphate composite cement

In this study, a calcium phosphate-based composite cement was fabricated by incorporating wollastonite (WS) into calcium phosphate cement (CPC). The setting behavior, microstructure, injectability, porosity, compressive strength, anti-washout property, in vitro degradation, and cell behavior of the WS/CPC composite cement were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the addition of WS promoted the hydration reaction but without affecting the hydration product of CPC. The injectability of the WS/CPC composite cement declined with the incorporation of WS to a certain extent, especially when the content of WS was higher than 20 wt%. By incorporating appropriate amount of WS into CPC, the composite cement obtained feasible setting time, enhanced compressive strength, improved anti-washout performance, and favorable biocompatibility. On the basis of its improved comprehensive application-relevant properties, the WS/CPC composite cement is prospective to be a promising biomaterial for bone defect repairing.