A review of fabrication strategies and applications of porous ceramics prepared by freeze-casting method

Freeze casting is a promising technique to fabricate porous materials with complex pore shapes and component geometries. Of particular interest are the unique structure and properties exhibited by porous freeze-casted ceramics, which opened new opportunities in various applications. In this review, we aim to elaborate the fundamental principles of the porous microstructure evolution and summarize the latest achievements and strategies for the freeze casting process as well as the applications of porous ceramics prepared by this method. The effects of additives, freezing conditions, suspension solids loading and particle size on pore structure of the porous ceramics and its applications are discussed. We also outlook the existing issues and challenges in the fabrication porous ceramics by freeze a casting method.