Towards the synthesis of an Mg-containing silicate glass–ceramic to be used as a scaffold for cementum/alveolar bone regeneration

The gradual destruction of periodontal tissue and in particular the reduction of alveolar bone height which can ultimately lead to tooth loss is a common problem in patients suffering from periodontal disease. The aim of the present work was to investigate the sol–gel synthesis and characterization of a family of new Mg-containing bioactive silicate glasses for applications in cementum/alveolar bone regeneration. Their microstructural, biological and mechanical characteristics were optimized for the fabrication of functional bioceramic scaffolds using the foam replica technique. The optimal glass composition for periodontal tissue replacement was found to contain 60 mol% SiO2, 30 mol% CaO and 10 mol% MgO. After sintering, this composition had enhanced mechanical properties combined with the desired apatite-forming ability, which was tested in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 5 days. In vitro analysis revealed positive effects of these scaffolds on bone marrow stromal cells.