Sonochemical synthesis of monodispersed perovskite barium zirconate (BaZrO3) by using an ethanol–water mixed solvent

Perovskite barium zirconate (BaZrO3) was synthesized successfully in an ethanol–water mixed solvent under ultrasonic irradiation. Four compositions, including 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% by volume of ethanol in ethanol/water mixed solvent, were used. The effect of ethanol content and irradiation time on the phase formation and morphology of product particles was studied and discussed. As a result, a pure perovskite BaZrO3 phase was formed completely at a short irradiation time of about 15 min in 70% by volume of ethanol without the calcination process. The average particles size decreases and particle size distribution becomes narrower by increasing the percentage of ethanol volume. On the other hand, the monodispersibility of BaZrO3 particles was improved significantly through ultrasonic irradiation.