Fabrication and characterization of bismuth sodium titanate ceramics by high-energy ball milling technique

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics with rhombohedral structure were synthesized by a solid-state mixed oxide technique. The material properties of BNT powders and BNT ceramics are found to depend on the milling time via a high-energy ball milling technique, calcination and sintering processing. The results show that the spherical and rounded shapes of BNT nanopowders are prepared by milling for 30 min and 60 min and calcined at 750 °C for 2 h. The BNT ceramics have a uniform grain size of 4.7 µm after sintering at 1125 °C for 2 h and milling for 60 min, and exhibit a maximum dielectric constant of 489, and a dielectric loss of 0.013. The value of relative density is 95% of theoretical density.