Adsorption and release of gemcitabine hydrochloride and oxaliplatin by hydroxyapatite

The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption and the release profile of two anticancer drugs, gemcitabine hydrochloride (dFdU.HCl) and oxaliplatin (DACH-Pt), from hydroxyapatite (HAP) in order to evaluate HAP as local drug delivery system (DDS). Various initial concentrations of drug aqueous solutions were used in order to determine the maximum adsorption capacity of HAP after 48 h shaking. The maximum adsorption capacity of dFdU.HCl (400 mg/g HAP) was achieved after 40 h while the maximum adsorption capacity of DACH-Pt (49.1 mg/g HAP) was accomplished after 20 h. Adsorption processes for both drugs were found to fit the Freundlich equation. The release processes were studied by soaking the samples of loaded HAP in simulation body fluids (SBF). After only 1 h 65% of dFdU.HCl was released while the release of DACH-Pt from the HAP was more gradual since 55% of DACH-Pt was released in the first 24 h. Finally, in an attempt to understand the molecular basis of the drug action, the chemical interactions involved in the complex processes of drug delivery were studied theoretically.