Electrical studies on A- and B-site-modified Bi4Ti3O12 ceramic

Pure and niobium-doped samarium bismuth titanate Sm0.75Bi3.25Ti3−xNbxO12 (x = 0 and 0.03) polycrystalline samples were prepared by the solid-state reaction route and lattice parameters were calculated from the XRD data. AC-impedance measurements have been carried out in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz from RT to 500 °C showing that the samples are non-Debye type. In addition, complex impedance plots along with the detailed ac-conductivity analysis were used to understand the heterogeneity of the electro-ceramics. Results are corroborated with the proposed defect formula and the modified Jonscher's analysis.