Construction and characterization of a solution-filled external pressure balanced reference electrode

This paper aims at the details of construction and characterization of a solution-filled reference electrode. Using heat transfer analysis, the temperature profiles in the heat exchanger region of the reference electrode were obtained. Using these profiles, and available data on Soret coefficients, the thermal liquid junction potential was calculated as a maximum of 4.74 mV at the initial temperature of 473 K. The calculations for liquid junction potential and IR drop were also performed. Theoretical calculations of electrode potential were used to validate the calculations.

► The thermal junction potential for Na2SO4 solution was calculated for the first time.
► Combining the heat transfer analysis with electrochemical calculation to estimate the ETJP.
► The Cu/Cu2+ potential measurements were used to validate the calculations.