Reducing the solubility of Ag into BaTiO3 by alloying Ag with Pd

In the experiment reported in this study, a small amount of 70%Ag/30%Pd particles was mixed with BaTiO3 powder and subsequently sintered at elevated temperature in nitrogen, air and oxygen. The solubility of Ag in the BaTiO3 was determined using an electron probe microanalysis technique. The presence of Pd alloy in Ag can reduce its solubility and diffusion distance in BaTiO3. Alloying with Ag significantly reduced the solubility of Pd in BaTiO3.