Crystal growth and dielectric characterization of crystals derived from the solid-solution Ba(1−x)NaxTi(1−x)NbxO3 (BTNN)

Single crystals of (1 − x)BaTiO3 + xNaNbO3 (BTNN) for x = 0.84 were obtained by high temperature solution growth using Na2B4O7 as solvent. The room temperature crystal structure of BTNN 16/84-phase was determined from X-ray single crystal diffraction data, in the tetragonal system with space group P4bm. The refinement from 246 independent reflections led to the following parameters: a = b = 5.5845(3) Å, c = 3.9453(2) Å, V = 123.041(11) Å3, Z = 2, with final cRwp = 0.150 and RB = 0.041. The structure of BTNN 16/84-phase can be described as a three-dimensional framework built up from (Nb–Ti)O6 octahedra with Na and Ba in the dodecahedral site of perovskite-like type. Some mm3-sized crystals have been selected and various dielectric measurements (ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric) have been performed. Transition from paraelectric to ferroelectric state at around 460 K has been observed to be in good agreement with ceramics of closer composition. Dielectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric measurements on crystal confirm the ferroelectric behaviour of BTNN 16/84.