Spark plasma sintering of BiFeO3

Dense BiFeO3 ceramics were prepared by a novel spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The sintering was conducted at temperatures ranging from 675 to 750 °C under 70 MPa pressure. A bulk density value up to 96% of theoretical density was achieved in the process. This contrast to around 90% of the theoretical density achieved by conventional sintering at around 830 °C. It was found that the tendency to form unwanted Bi2Fe4O9 phase is higher at a high sintering temperature for SPS. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties also improved (with respect to conventionally sintered sample) for spark plasma-sintered samples.