Phase transformation of constrained BaTiO3 particles in a Sn matrix

The phase transformation properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3) particles encapsulated in a Sn matrix have been investigated by high-energy X-ray diffraction both during and after the sintering process. The tetragonal to cubic phase transformation temperature of BaTiO3 in the sintered state is 11 °C lower than that in the pre-sintered state. The origin of this shift in transformation temperature is attributed to a component of hydrostatic stress acting on the BaTiO3 particles in the sintered state.