Fabrication of uniform size titanium oxide nanotubes: Impact of current density and solution conditions

The synthesis of TiO2 nanotube arrays on titanium foil was investigated under various electrochemical conditions. The following two conditions were shown to affect the nanotube diameter and number density. First, as the anodic current density for the foil increased from 10 to 30 mA cm−2, the mean inner diameter of TiO2 nanotubes increased from 30 to 145 nm. Second, as the ratio of methanol to water increased, the TiO2 nanotube number density decreased and resulted in larger spaces between the nanotubes.