Influence of Al on the microstructure and carburization performance of a N-based alloy coating

Carburization is a degradation mechanism involving the diffusion of carbon into a metal alloy and its accumulation on the surface. Coke forms on the internal walls of crude oil refining equipment and adversely affects its efficiency and service life. In an attempt to enhance the service life of materials exposed to these aggressive environments, this work investigated the development of a protective coating to reduce the diffusion of carbon into the surfaces of components. Coatings were tailored by mixing the atomized Ni alloy (Hastealloy C) with 5 wt% and 15 wt% Al powders and deposited by Plasma Transferred Arc hardfacing. Pack carburizing was carried out at 650 °C and 850 °C for 6 h, and temperature stability was tested in an air furnace to evaluate the performance of the coatings. Characterization included measurement of Vickers microhardness profiles and microstructure analysis by optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The good weldability of the original Ni-based alloy was not altered by the presence of Al. Richer Al coatings developed ordered aluminide compounds in a Ni matrix and exhibited increased hardness and dilution. Exposure to temperatures of 650 °C and 850 °C in an air furnace and to a carburizing environment neither compromised coating hardness nor produced a carburizing layer, although carbides were identified at the top surface. Our results will be of benefit in the development of an alternative solution for the protection of components operating in carburizing environments.