The rigorous electromagnetic theory of the diffraction of vector beams by a circular aperture

The rigorous electromagnetic theory of the diffraction of vector beams by an aperture is proposed and numerically evaluated by the diffraction of vector Gaussian beams by a circular aperture. The results are compared with those, by using the vector Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction integrals and angular-spectrum expression theory, showing a good consistency. The numerical calculation shows that the result calculated by the rigorous theory is much more precise than those calculated by the integral method in diffraction near field, and a highly consistency reaches by the three methods in diffraction far field. A further extension of the theory is discussed.