Nanostructured TiO2(B): the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices, e.g. Li-ion batteries, that employ such electrodes. TiO2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent years. It offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized Li4Ti5O12. Bulk, nanowire, nanotube, and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and studied. However, to date these materials have not be compared in one article. In the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B); then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical properties. Finally TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li, regardless of rate, due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.